A Completely Covert Audio Channel in Android

Exfilteration of private data is a potential security threat against mobile devices. Previous research concerning such threats has generally focused on techniques that are only valid over short distances (NFC, Bluetooth, electromagnetic emanations, and so on). In this research, we develop and analyze an exfilteration attack that has no distance limitation. Specifically, we take advantage of vulnerabilities in Android that enable us to covertly record and exfilterate a voice call. This paper presents a successful implementation of our attack, which records a call (both uplink and downlink voice streams), and inaudibly transmits the recorded voice over a subsequent inaudible call, without any visual or audio indication given to the victim. We provide a detailed analysis of our attack, and we suggest possible counter measures to thwart similar attacks

Molecular Basis of Plant Adaptation against Aridity

Environment fluctuations have become the greatest threat to global food security. Of various abiotic stress factors, aridity hampers the most yield contributing attributes. In the context of agriculture, term “aridity” refers to a protracted period of insufficient precipitation, having detrimental influence on crop development and overall biological output. A sustained drought has considerable negative effects on crops and livestock, including the reduced production, destruction of property, and livestock sell-offs. Consequently, plants themself exert various kinds of defensive mechanisms to combat the ill effects of climate change. For example, plants with small leaves, benefit from aridity as part of their strategy for modifying the soil to water shortages and nutrient restrictions. Furthermore, low genetic diversity among significant crop species, together with ecological productivity limits, must be addressed in order to adapt crops to episodic drought spells in the coming days. A deeper understanding of the molecular and genetic underpinnings of the most important intrinsic adaptation responses to drought stress seems to be beneficial for gene engineering as well as gene-based expression investigations in plant systems under hostile environment. Recently, molecular markers and “omics” have opened a huge opportunity to identify and develop specific gene constructs governing plant adaptation to environmental stress

Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments

The discovery and characterization of hot and dense QCD matter, known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), remains the most international collaborative effort and synergy between theorists and experimentalists in modern nuclear physics to date. The experimentalists around the world not only collect an unprecedented amount of data in heavy-ion collisions, at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland but also analyze these data to unravel the mystery of this new phase of matter that filled a few microseconds old universe, just after the Big Bang. In the meantime, advancements in theoretical works and computing capability extend our wisdom about the hot-dense QCD matter and its dynamics through mathematical equations. The exchange of ideas between experimentalists and theoreticians is crucial for the progress of our knowledge. The motivation of this first conference named "HOT QCD Matter 2022" is to bring the community together to have a discourse on this topic. In this article, there are 36 sections discussing various topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and related phenomena that cover a snapshot of the current experimental observations and theoretical progress. This article begins with the theoretical overview of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics in the presence of the external magnetic field, followed by the Lattice QCD results on heavy quarks in QGP, and finally, it ends with an overview of experiment results.Comment: Compilation of the contributions (148 pages) as presented in the `Hot QCD Matter 2022 conference', held from May 12 to 14, 2022, jointly organized by IIT Goa & Goa University, Goa, Indi

Resistance to downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) in forage pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

Eleven forage composites and their parents were evaluated in 2001 against 6 diverse pathotypes of Sclerospora graminicola (3 from Patancheru (Andhra Pradesh), and 1 each from Mysore (Karnataka), Jalna (Maharashtra) and Jodhpur (Rajasthan)) at the International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics, Patancheru, and the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Dharwad, Karnataka, in greenhouse conditions, and also in field nursery, using infector row system at Patancheru. Three genotypes (DRSB 3, DRSB 7 and IP 14305) of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) were resistant with <5% mean downy mildew incidence. Seven genotypes (DRSB 6, DRSB 7, DRSB 10, Giant Bajra, IP 9294, IP 14188 and IP 14305) had <10% downy mildew incidence in Dharwad. Average linkage cluster analysis using Euclidian distances of mean downy mildew incidence across the pathotypes from both locations broadly classified the 17 genotypes into 3 groups: resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible

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Abstracts of National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental Biotechnology

This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental Biotechnology (NCB4EBT-2021) Organized by the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, India held on 29–30 January 2021. This conference is the first of its kind organized by NIT-W which covered an array of interesting topics in biotechnology. This makes it a bit special as it brings together researchers from different disciplines of biotechnology, which in turn will also open new research and cooperation fields for them. Conference Title: National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental BiotechnologyConference Acronym: NCB4EBT-2021Conference Date: 29–30 January 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Indi